Exodus 36:19

Posted on March 27, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 36:19 Fecit et opertorium tabernaculi de pellibus arietum rubricatis: aliudque desuper velamentum de pellibus ianthinis.

And he made the covering of the tabernacle from rams’ skins dyed red, and another covering above from violet skins.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Fecit he made 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 et and CONJ
3 opertorium covering ACC.SG.N NOUN
4 tabernaculi of the tabernacle GEN.SG.N NOUN
5 de from PREP+ABL
6 pellibus skins ABL.PL.F NOUN
7 arietum of rams GEN.PL.M NOUN
8 rubricatis dyed red ABL.PL.F ADJ.PTCP
9 aliudque and another ACC.SG.N ADJ + ENCLITIC
10 desuper above ADV
11 velamentum covering ACC.SG.N NOUN
12 de from PREP+ABL
13 pellibus skins ABL.PL.F NOUN
14 ianthinis violet / blue-purple ABL.PL.F ADJ

Syntax

Main Clause:
Fecit et opertorium tabernaculi…
• Fecit = main verb.
• opertorium tabernaculi = direct object + genitive “of the tabernacle.”

Material Phrase:
de pellibus arietum rubricatis
• ablative with de showing material origin.
• rubricatis describes the treatment of the skins.

Second Object With Enclitic:
aliudque … velamentum — “and another covering.”
• -que links it to the first covering.
• desuper = adverb “above,” indicating placement.

Material Phrase 2:
de pellibus ianthinis
• ablative of material, specifying the second layer’s composition.

Morphology

  1. Fecit — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb of the narrative; Translation: he made; Notes: perfect tense narrates completed construction work.
  2. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links this item to the previous one; Translation: and; Notes: additive connection in a construction list.
  3. opertorium — Lemma: opertorium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object of fecit; Translation: covering; Notes: refers to one layer of protective tabernacle coverings.
  4. tabernaculi — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: genitive of possession; Translation: of the tabernacle; Notes: identifies which covering.
  5. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses material; Translation: from; Notes: typical in describing construction materials.
  6. pellibus — Lemma: pellis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: object of de; Translation: skins; Notes: material used for the covering.
  7. arietum — Lemma: aries; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: qualifies pellibus; Translation: of rams; Notes: indicates animal source.
  8. rubricatis — Lemma: rubricatus; Part of Speech: adjective/participle; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: modifies pellibus; Translation: dyed red; Notes: describes treatment of the skins.
  9. aliudque — Lemma: alius; Part of Speech: adjective + enclitic; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: second direct object; Translation: and another; Notes: -que coordinates with the previous object.
  10. desuper — Lemma: desuper; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: indicates placement; Translation: above; Notes: spatial adverb specifying layer position.
  11. velamentum — Lemma: velamentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: second object of fecit; Translation: covering; Notes: a further protective layer.
  12. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces material phrase; Translation: from; Notes: expresses composition.
  13. pellibus — Lemma: pellis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: object of de; Translation: skins; Notes: refers to different animal skins now used.
  14. ianthinis — Lemma: ianthinus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: modifies pellibus; Translation: violet / blue-purple; Notes: describes coloration typical of luxury materials.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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