Genesis 45:9

Posted on February 14, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 45:9 Festinate, et ascendite ad patrem meum, et dicetis ei: Hæc mandat filius tuus Ioseph: Deus fecit me dominum universæ terræ Ægypti: descende ad me, ne moreris,

Make haste, and go up to my father, and you shall say to him: ‘Thus commands your son Joseph: “God has made me lord of all the land of Egypt; come down to me, do not delay,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Festinate make haste 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMP
2 et and CONJ
3 ascendite go up 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMP
4 ad to PREP+ACC
5 patrem father ACC.SG.M
6 meum my ACC.SG.M
7 et and CONJ
8 dicetis you shall say 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
9 ei to him DAT.SG
10 Haec these things NOM/ACC.PL.N
11 mandat commands 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
12 filius son NOM.SG.M
13 tuus your NOM.SG.M
14 Ioseph Joseph NOM.SG.M
15 Deus God NOM.SG.M
16 fecit made 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
17 me me ACC.SG
18 dominum lord ACC.SG.M
19 universae of all GEN.SG.F
20 terrae land GEN.SG.F
21 Aegypti of Egypt GEN.SG.F
22 descende come down 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP
23 ad to PREP+ACC
24 me me ACC.SG
25 ne lest/not NEG.CONJ
26 moreris you delay 2SG.PRES.SUBJ.DEP

Syntax

Main imperatives:
• Festinate + ascendite — plural commands addressed to Joseph’s brothers.
• Directional phrase: ad patrem meum.

Future declarative:
• dicetis ei — “you shall say to him.”
Direct speech follows.

Direct speech block:
1. Haec mandat filius tuus Ioseph
— Subject: filius tuus Ioseph
— Verb: mandat
— Object: Haec

2. Deus fecit me dominum universae terrae Aegypti
— Subject: Deus
— Verb: fecit
— Double accusative: me dominum
— Genitive phrase: universae terrae Aegypti

3. descende ad me, ne moreris
— Imperative: descende
— Prohibition: ne + subjunctive moreris (“do not delay”)

Morphology

  1. Festinate — Lemma: festino; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative 2nd plural; Function: command; Translation: “make haste”; Notes: urgent directive.
  2. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links imperatives; Translation: “and”; Notes: additive.
  3. ascendite — Lemma: ascendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative 2nd plural; Function: command; Translation: “go up”; Notes: upward movement to Canaan.
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: direction; Translation: “to”; Notes: motion toward goal.
  5. patrem — Lemma: pater; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: “father”; Notes: refers to Jacob.
  6. meum — Lemma: meus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies patrem; Translation: “my”; Notes: possessive.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Function: links clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple coordinator.
  8. dicetis — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative 2nd plural; Function: statement of future speech; Translation: “you shall say”; Notes: predictive instruction.
  9. ei — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to him”; Notes: refers to Jacob.
  10. Haec — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative; Form: nominative/accusative plural neuter; Function: object of mandat; Translation: “these things”; Notes: introduces reported message.
  11. mandat — Lemma: mando; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative 3rd singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “commands”; Notes: expresses Joseph’s authority.
  12. filius — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of mandat; Translation: “son”; Notes: identifies Joseph.
  13. tuus — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: modifies filius; Translation: “your”; Notes: addressed to Jacob.
  14. Ioseph — Lemma: Ioseph; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: apposition to filius tuus; Translation: “Joseph”; Notes: identifies speaker.
  15. Deus — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of fecit; Translation: “God”; Notes: divine agency emphasized.
  16. fecit — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “made”; Notes: governs double accusative.
  17. me — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: object of fecit; Translation: “me”; Notes: Joseph as recipient of exaltation.
  18. dominum — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: predicate accusative; Translation: “lord”; Notes: denotes governing authority.
  19. universae — Lemma: universus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies terrae; Translation: “of all”; Notes: totality.
  20. terrae — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: complements dominum; Translation: “land”; Notes: territorial domain.
  21. Aegypti — Lemma: Aegyptus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies terrae; Translation: “of Egypt”; Notes: specific region.
  22. descende — Lemma: descendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative 1st singular; Function: command; Translation: “come down”; Notes: invitation with urgency.
  23. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: direction; Translation: “to”; Notes: motion.
  24. me — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: “me”; Notes: Joseph as destination.
  25. ne — Lemma: ne; Part of Speech: negative conjunction; Form: governs subjunctive; Function: prohibition; Translation: “lest/not”; Notes: introduces negative clause.
  26. moreris — Lemma: moror; Part of Speech: verb (deponent); Form: present subjunctive 2nd singular; Function: prohibition with ne; Translation: “you delay”; Notes: deponent form but active meaning.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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