Genesis 9:10

Posted on January 9, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 9:10 et ad omnem animam viventem, quæ est vobiscum, tam in volucribus quam in iumentis et pecudibus terræ cunctis, quæ egressa sunt de arca, et universis bestiis terræ.

And with every living soul that is with you, both among the birds and among the beasts and the cattle of the earth, all that went out from the ark, and with every beast of the earth.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 ad to/with PREP+ACC
3 omnem every ADJ.ACC.SG.F
4 animam soul N.ACC.SG.F
5 viventem living PART.PRES.ACT.ACC.SG.F
6 quæ which REL.PRON.NOM.SG.F
7 est is 3SG.PRES.IND.ACT
8 vobiscum with you PREP+ABL.PL
9 tam as much ADV
10 in among PREP+ABL
11 volucribus birds N.ABL.PL.F
12 quam as also CONJ
13 in among PREP+ABL
14 iumentis beasts of burden N.ABL.PL.N
15 et and CONJ
16 pecudibus cattle N.ABL.PL.F
17 terræ of the earth N.GEN.SG.F
18 cunctis all ADJ.ABL.PL.F
19 quæ which REL.PRON.NOM.PL.N
20 egressa went out PART.PERF.PASS.NOM.PL.N
21 sunt are 3PL.PRES.IND.ACT
22 de from PREP+ABL
23 arca ark N.ABL.SG.F
24 et and CONJ
25 universis all ADJ.ABL.PL.F
26 bestiis beasts N.ABL.PL.F
27 terræ of the earth N.GEN.SG.F

Syntax

Main Clause: et ad omnem animam viventem quæ est vobiscum — continues God’s address, expanding the covenantal scope to all living beings.
Comparative Phrase: tam in volucribus quam in iumentis et pecudibus terræ cunctis — pairs of comparison emphasizing inclusivity among all animal kinds.
Relative Clause: quæ egressa sunt de arca — modifies the living creatures, identifying them as those that came out of the ark.
Final Phrase: et universis bestiis terræ — summarizes and extends the coverage to every terrestrial animal.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Invariable; Function: Connects with the previous verse; Translation: “and”; Notes: Continues the divine address from verse 9.
  2. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Governs accusative; Function: Introduces indirect object; Translation: “to” or “with”; Notes: Expresses the covenant relationship.
  3. omnem — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Accusative singular feminine; Function: Modifies animam; Translation: “every”; Notes: Universal qualifier for all living creatures.
  4. animam — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative singular feminine; Function: Object of ad; Translation: “soul” or “living creature”; Notes: Refers to any living being.
  5. viventem — Lemma: vivo; Part of Speech: Participle (present active); Form: Accusative singular feminine; Function: Modifies animam; Translation: “living”; Notes: Describes the soul as alive or animated.
  6. quæ — Lemma: qui, quæ, quod; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: Nominative singular feminine; Function: Subject of est; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces the relative clause.
  7. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Present indicative active 3rd person singular; Function: Copulative verb; Translation: “is”; Notes: Links the clause to vobiscum.
  8. vobiscum — Lemma: vos + cum; Part of Speech: Preposition + pronoun; Form: Ablative plural; Function: Complements est; Translation: “with you”; Notes: Marks those sharing in the covenant.
  9. tam — Lemma: tam; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: Invariable; Function: Forms comparative construction with quam; Translation: “as much”; Notes: Balances the pair tam… quam….
  10. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Governs ablative; Function: Expresses inclusion; Translation: “among”; Notes: Used spatially and collectively.
  11. volucribus — Lemma: volucris; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Ablative plural feminine; Function: Object of in; Translation: “birds”; Notes: Represents the aerial creatures.
  12. quam — Lemma: quam; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Invariable; Function: Coordinates tam… quam… structure; Translation: “as also”; Notes: Establishes symmetry in enumeration.
  13. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Governs ablative; Function: Expresses inclusion; Translation: “among”; Notes: Parallels prior use with different noun class.
  14. iumentis — Lemma: iumentum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Ablative plural neuter; Function: Object of in; Translation: “beasts of burden”; Notes: Refers to domesticated working animals.
  15. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Invariable; Function: Connects coordinate nouns; Translation: “and”; Notes: Continues cumulative enumeration.
  16. pecudibus — Lemma: pecus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Ablative plural feminine; Function: Object of in; Translation: “cattle”; Notes: Refers to herd animals generally.
  17. terræ — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Genitive singular feminine; Function: Modifies pecudibus; Translation: “of the earth”; Notes: Specifies terrestrial domain.
  18. cunctis — Lemma: cunctus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Ablative plural feminine; Function: Modifies pecudibus; Translation: “all”; Notes: Emphasizes comprehensiveness.
  19. quæ — Lemma: qui, quæ, quod; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: Nominative plural neuter; Function: Subject of egressa sunt; Translation: “which”; Notes: Refers back to the creatures.
  20. egressa — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: Participle (perfect passive deponent); Form: Nominative plural neuter; Function: Predicate participle; Translation: “went out”; Notes: Refers to animals leaving the ark.
  21. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Present indicative active 3rd person plural; Function: Auxiliary of egressa; Translation: “are” or “have”; Notes: Forms perfect periphrastic construction.
  22. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: Governs ablative; Function: Expresses origin; Translation: “from”; Notes: Marks source of departure.
  23. arca — Lemma: arca; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Ablative singular feminine; Function: Object of de; Translation: “ark”; Notes: Literal reference to Noah’s vessel.
  24. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Invariable; Function: Links final phrase; Translation: “and”; Notes: Introduces last element of enumeration.
  25. universis — Lemma: universus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Ablative plural feminine; Function: Modifies bestiis; Translation: “all”; Notes: Reiterates totality of covenant inclusion.
  26. bestiis — Lemma: bestia; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Ablative plural feminine; Function: Object of implicit cum (continued sense from earlier phrase); Translation: “beasts”; Notes: Includes every terrestrial animal.
  27. terræ — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Genitive singular feminine; Function: Modifies bestiis; Translation: “of the earth”; Notes: Specifies domain of beasts, completing the enumeration.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
This entry was posted in Genesis. Bookmark the permalink.

Comments are closed.