Leviticus 13:1

Posted on April 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 13:1 Locutusque est Dominus ad Moysen, et Aaron, dicens:

And the LORD spoke to Moyses, and Aaron, saying:

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Locutusque and spoke PERF.DEP.PTCP.NOM.SG.M
2 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
3 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M
4 ad to PREP+ACC
5 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
6 et and CONJ
7 Aaron Aaron ACC.SG.M
8 dicens saying PRES.ACT.PTCP.NOM.SG.M

Syntax

Main Clause: Dominus (subject) + locutus est (deponent verb of speech)
Recipients: ad Moysen et Aaron — coordinated indirect objects joined by et
Participial Expansion: dicens — introduces the ensuing divine instruction

Morphology

  1. Locutusque — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: deponent verb participle; Form: perfect deponent participle masculine nominative singular with enclitic conjunction; Function: main verbal element with auxiliary; Translation: and spoke; Notes: The enclitic -que links this utterance to the preceding narrative.
  2. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary verb; Translation: is; Notes: Combines with locutus to form a perfect deponent tense.
  3. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: grammatical subject; Translation: LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH and is rendered as “LORD.”
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: marks direction toward persons; Translation: to; Notes: Common with verbs of speaking.
  5. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: Moses; Notes: Primary recipient of divine revelation.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins Moses and Aaron as joint recipients.
  7. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: coordinated object of ad; Translation: Aaron; Notes: The high priest included explicitly in the address.
  8. dicens — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb participle; Form: present active participle masculine nominative singular; Function: circumstantial participle introducing speech content; Translation: saying; Notes: Formulaic introduction of direct divine speech.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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