Leviticus 13:42

Posted on April 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 13:42 Sin autem in calvitio sive in recalvatione albus vel rufus color fuerit exortus,

But if in baldness or in receding baldness a white or reddish color has arisen,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Sin but if CONJ
2 autem however ADV
3 in in PREP+ABL
4 calvitio baldness ABL.SG.N
5 sive or CONJ
6 in in PREP+ABL
7 recalvatione receding baldness ABL.SG.F
8 albus white NOM.SG.M ADJ.POS
9 vel or CONJ
10 rufus reddish NOM.SG.M ADJ.POS
11 color color NOM.SG.M
12 fuerit has been 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
13 exortus arisen NOM.SG.M PTCP.PERF.DEP

Syntax

Conditional Contrast: Sin autem introduces an alternative case following the prior clean rulings.
Locative Frame: in calvitio sive in recalvatione specifies the affected scalp areas.
Subject Identification: albus vel rufus color names the diagnostic sign.
Result Predicate: fuerit exortus employs a perfect subjunctive with a perfect participle to denote emergence within a legal condition.

Morphology

  1. Sin — Lemma: sin; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: conditional; Function: introduces an alternative legal case; Translation: but if; Notes: Marks contrast with the preceding scenario.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: adds adversative nuance; Translation: however; Notes: Signals a shift in evaluation.
  3. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: marks location; Translation: in; Notes: Locative use.
  4. calvitio — Lemma: calvitium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: baldness; Notes: Complete bald area of the scalp.
  5. sive — Lemma: sive; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins alternatives; Translation: or; Notes: Presents an equivalent option.
  6. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: marks location; Translation: in; Notes: Repeated for clarity.
  7. recalvatione — Lemma: recalvatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: receding baldness; Notes: Frontal bald area.
  8. albus — Lemma: albus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine positive; Function: modifies color; Translation: white; Notes: One diagnostic hue.
  9. vel — Lemma: vel; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins alternatives; Translation: or; Notes: Indicates either possibility.
  10. rufus — Lemma: rufus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine positive; Function: modifies color; Translation: reddish; Notes: Alternate diagnostic hue.
  11. color — Lemma: color; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: color; Notes: Visible sign under inspection.
  12. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: auxiliary in condition; Translation: has been; Notes: Subjunctive marks contingency.
  13. exortus — Lemma: exorior; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect deponent; Function: predicate participle; Translation: arisen; Notes: Indicates emergence of a new condition.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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