Leviticus 13:43

Posted on April 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 13:43 et hoc sacerdos viderit, condemnabit eum haud dubiæ lepræ, quæ orta est in calvitio.

and when the priest has seen this, he shall condemn him as one of undoubted leprosy, which has arisen in baldness.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 hoc this ACC.SG.N DEM.PRON
3 sacerdos priest NOM.SG.M
4 viderit has seen 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
5 condemnabit he shall condemn 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
6 eum him ACC.SG.M PERS.PRON
7 haud not at all ADV
8 dubiæ of doubtful GEN.SG.F ADJ.POS
9 lepræ leprosy GEN.SG.F
10 quæ which NOM.SG.F REL.PRON
11 orta having arisen NOM.SG.F PTCP.PERF.DEP
12 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
13 in in PREP+ABL
14 calvitio baldness ABL.SG.N

Syntax

Conditional Perception: et hoc sacerdos viderit frames the ruling upon priestly observation using a perfect subjunctive.
Main Verdict: condemnabit eum delivers the authoritative judgment in the future indicative.
Charge Specification: haud dubiæ lepræ employs a genitive of charge describing the certainty of the diagnosis.
Relative Description: quæ orta est in calvitio identifies the origin and location of the condition.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links procedural steps; Translation: and; Notes: Continues the legal sequence.
  2. hoc — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of perception; Translation: this; Notes: Refers to the observed sign.
  3. sacerdos — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: priest; Notes: Authorized examiner.
  4. viderit — Lemma: video; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of conditional perception; Translation: has seen; Notes: Subjunctive marks the conditional framework.
  5. condemnabit — Lemma: condemno; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb of judgment; Translation: he shall condemn; Notes: Formal legal declaration.
  6. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: him; Notes: Person under judgment.
  7. haud — Lemma: haud; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negates degree; Translation: not at all; Notes: Strengthens certainty.
  8. dubiæ — Lemma: dubius; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive singular feminine positive; Function: modifies lepræ; Translation: of doubtful; Notes: With haud yields the sense undoubted.
  9. lepræ — Lemma: lepra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: genitive of charge; Translation: leprosy; Notes: The condition adjudged.
  10. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: Refers back to lepra.
  11. orta — Lemma: exorior; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular feminine perfect deponent; Function: predicate participle; Translation: having arisen; Notes: Indicates emergence.
  12. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: Completes the relative clause.
  13. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: marks location; Translation: in; Notes: Locative sense.
  14. calvitio — Lemma: calvitium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: baldness; Notes: Specific scalp area.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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