Leviticus 13:44

Posted on April 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 13:44 Quicumque ergo maculatus fuerit lepra, et separatus est ad arbitrium sacerdotis,

Therefore whoever has been marked with leprosy, and has been set apart according to the judgment of the priest,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quicumque whoever NOM.SG.M REL.PRON
2 ergo therefore ADV
3 maculatus having been marked NOM.SG.M PTCP.PERF.PASS
4 fuerit has been 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
5 lepra with leprosy ABL.SG.F
6 et and CONJ
7 separatus having been set apart NOM.SG.M PTCP.PERF.PASS
8 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
9 ad according to PREP+ACC
10 arbitrium judgment ACC.SG.N
11 sacerdotis of the priest GEN.SG.M

Syntax

Universal Relative Subject: Quicumque introduces a general legal category without exception.
Inferential Marker: ergo draws a conclusion from the preceding diagnostic rulings.
Participial Predicate: maculatus fuerit lepra describes the state of ritual affliction using a perfect participle with a subjunctive auxiliary.
Coordinated Result: et separatus est states the imposed consequence of isolation.
Standard of Authority: ad arbitrium sacerdotis grounds the action in priestly judgment.

Morphology

  1. Quicumque — Lemma: quicumque; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: whoever; Notes: Introduces an open-ended legal subject.
  2. ergo — Lemma: ergo; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: inferential connector; Translation: therefore; Notes: Signals a conclusion from prior regulations.
  3. maculatus — Lemma: maculo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect passive; Function: predicate participle; Translation: having been marked; Notes: Describes the state resulting from leprous affliction.
  4. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: auxiliary of the relative clause; Translation: has been; Notes: Subjunctive fits the generalizing relative construction.
  5. lepra — Lemma: lepra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of cause or means; Translation: with leprosy; Notes: Identifies the condition producing impurity.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates predicates; Translation: and; Notes: Joins affliction with consequence.
  7. separatus — Lemma: separo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect passive; Function: predicate participle; Translation: having been set apart; Notes: Refers to enforced isolation.
  8. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: States the current legal status.
  9. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: expresses standard or reference; Translation: according to; Notes: Indicates conformity to authority.
  10. arbitrium — Lemma: arbitrium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of ad; Translation: judgment; Notes: Denotes discretionary legal decision.
  11. sacerdotis — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies arbitrium; Translation: of the priest; Notes: Establishes priestly authority.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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