Leviticus 13:45

Posted on April 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 13:45 habebit vestimenta dissuta, caput nudum, os veste contectum, contaminatum ac sordidum se clamabit.

he shall have torn garments, a bare head, his mouth covered with a garment, and he shall cry out that he is defiled and unclean.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 habebit he shall have 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
2 vestimenta garments ACC.PL.N
3 dissuta torn ACC.PL.N PTCP.PERF.PASS
4 caput head ACC.SG.N
5 nudum bare ACC.SG.N ADJ.POS
6 os mouth ACC.SG.N
7 veste with a garment ABL.SG.F
8 contectum covered ACC.SG.N PTCP.PERF.PASS
9 contaminatum defiled ACC.SG.M PTCP.PERF.PASS
10 ac and CONJ
11 sordidum unclean ACC.SG.M ADJ.POS
12 se himself ACC.SG.M REFL.PRON
13 clamabit he shall cry out 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND

Syntax

Main Obligation: habebit governs a series of required signs expressing public mourning and impurity.
Object Series: vestimenta dissuta and caput nudum describe visible markers of separation.
Instrumental Phrase: os veste contectum indicates the mouth covered by means of a garment.
Self Proclamation: contaminatum ac sordidum se clamabit requires verbal declaration of impurity.

Morphology

  1. habebit — Lemma: habeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb of obligation; Translation: he shall have; Notes: Introduces mandated outward signs.
  2. vestimenta — Lemma: vestimentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: garments; Notes: Clothing representing social status.
  3. dissuta — Lemma: dissuo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: accusative plural neuter perfect passive; Function: modifies vestimenta; Translation: torn; Notes: Traditional sign of mourning.
  4. caput — Lemma: caput; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: second object; Translation: head; Notes: Represents personal appearance.
  5. nudum — Lemma: nudus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter positive; Function: modifies caput; Translation: bare; Notes: Indicates exposed or uncovered state.
  6. os — Lemma: os; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: third object; Translation: mouth; Notes: Focus of communicative restriction.
  7. veste — Lemma: vestis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with a garment; Notes: Instrument by which covering occurs.
  8. contectum — Lemma: contego; Part of Speech: participle; Form: accusative singular neuter perfect passive; Function: modifies os; Translation: covered; Notes: Prevents normal social interaction.
  9. contaminatum — Lemma: contamino; Part of Speech: participle; Form: accusative singular masculine perfect passive; Function: predicate complement; Translation: defiled; Notes: States ritual condition.
  10. ac — Lemma: ac; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links descriptors; Translation: and; Notes: Joins parallel terms.
  11. sordidum — Lemma: sordidus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine positive; Function: modifies se; Translation: unclean; Notes: Emphasizes impurity.
  12. se — Lemma: se; Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of declaration; Translation: himself; Notes: Subject publicly identifies his status.
  13. clamabit — Lemma: clamo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: verb of proclamation; Translation: he shall cry out; Notes: Requires audible public announcement.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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