Leviticus 14:5

Posted on April 14, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 14:5 et unum ex passeribus immolari iubebit in vase fictili super aquas viventes:

and he shall command that one of the sparrows be sacrificed in an earthen vessel over living waters;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 unum one ACC.SG.N NUM
3 ex from PREP+ABL
4 passeribus sparrows ABL.PL.M
5 immolari to be sacrificed PRES.PASS.INF
6 iubebit he shall command 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
7 in in PREP+ABL
8 vase vessel ABL.SG.N
9 fictili earthen ABL.SG.N ADJ.POS
10 super over PREP+ACC
11 aquas waters ACC.PL.F
12 viventes living ACC.PL.F PTCP.PRES.ACT

Syntax

Coordinated Continuation: et links this directive to the prior instructions.
Command Verb: iubebit introduces an authoritative priestly order.
Infinitive Complement: immolari states the commanded action.
Partitive Construction: unum ex passeribus specifies one bird selected from the group.
Locative Means: in vase fictili designates the container used.
Spatial Relation: super aquas viventes identifies the position above flowing water.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Continues the ritual sequence.
  2. unum — Lemma: unus; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: one; Notes: Indicates a single bird.
  3. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: partitive source; Translation: from; Notes: Selects one from a group.
  4. passeribus — Lemma: passer; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of ex; Translation: sparrows; Notes: The birds prescribed for the rite.
  5. immolari — Lemma: immolo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present passive infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive; Translation: to be sacrificed; Notes: Passive stresses the act rather than the agent.
  6. iubebit — Lemma: iubeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: issues the command; Translation: he shall command; Notes: Expresses priestly authority.
  7. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: location; Translation: in; Notes: Indicates the container.
  8. vase — Lemma: vas; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: vessel; Notes: The receptacle used in the rite.
  9. fictili — Lemma: fictilis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular neuter positive; Function: modifies vase; Translation: earthen; Notes: Specifies material composition.
  10. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: spatial relation; Translation: over; Notes: Indicates position above.
  11. aquas — Lemma: aqua; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of super; Translation: waters; Notes: Flowing water used in purification.
  12. viventes — Lemma: vivo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: accusative plural feminine present active; Function: modifies aquas; Translation: living; Notes: Denotes fresh running water.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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