Leviticus 4:11

Posted on April 4, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 4:11 Pellem vero et omnes carnes cum capite et pedibus et intestinis et fimo,

But the skin and all the flesh, with the head and the feet and the intestines and the dung,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Pellem the skin NOUN, ACC.SG.F, 3RD DECL
2 vero however ADV
3 et and CONJ
4 omnes all ADJ, ACC.PL.F, 3RD DECL
5 carnes the flesh NOUN, ACC.PL.F, 3RD DECL
6 cum with PREP+ABL
7 capite the head NOUN, ABL.SG.N, 3RD DECL
8 et and CONJ
9 pedibus the feet NOUN, ABL.PL.M, 3RD DECL
10 et and CONJ
11 intestinis the intestines NOUN, ABL.PL.N, 3RD DECL
12 et and CONJ
13 fimo the dung NOUN, ABL.SG.N, 2ND DECL

Syntax

Coordinated Object Chain: Pellem … omnes carnes … cum capite … pedibus … intestinis … fimo — a list of all parts of the sacrificial bull that will be removed and taken outside the camp in the next verse.
Connector: vero — contrasts this list with the previously burned internal fats.
Prepositional Phrase: cum capite … pedibus … intestinis … fimo — indicates accompanying elements included with the flesh.

Morphology

  1. Pellem — Lemma: pellis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: the skin; Notes: denotes the hide of the sacrificial bull.
  2. vero — Lemma: vero; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: contrastive marker; Translation: however; Notes: shifts attention to remaining parts not burned on the altar.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins coordinated objects; Translation: and; Notes: repeatedly chains elements in the sacrificial list.
  4. omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies carnes; Translation: all; Notes: emphasizes complete inclusion of flesh parts.
  5. carnes — Lemma: caro; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: coordinated direct object; Translation: the flesh; Notes: refers to all muscular tissue of the bull.
  6. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: marks accompaniment; Translation: with; Notes: introduces additional included body parts.
  7. capite — Lemma: caput; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of cum; Translation: the head; Notes: included in the disposal ritual.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates elements; Translation: and; Notes: continues listing.
  9. pedibus — Lemma: pes; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of cum; Translation: the feet; Notes: refers to lower limbs.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates; Translation: and; Notes: continues enumerating parts.
  11. intestinis — Lemma: intestina; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: object of cum; Translation: the intestines; Notes: internal organs not used in altar burning.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins final item; Translation: and; Notes: concluding element of list.
  13. fimo — Lemma: fimus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of cum (understood); Translation: the dung; Notes: included for complete removal in the purification offering ritual.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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