Leviticus 4:27

Posted on April 4, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 4:27 Quod si peccaverit anima per ignorantiam, de populo terræ, ut faciat quidquam de his, quæ Domini lege prohibentur, atque delinquat,

But if a person from the people of the land should sin through ignorance, so as to do anything of the things which are forbidden by the law of the LORD, and should become guilty,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quod but CONJ
2 si if CONJ
3 peccaverit should sin VERB, 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
4 anima a person NOUN, NOM.SG.F
5 per through PREP+ACC
6 ignorantiam ignorance NOUN, ACC.SG.F
7 de from PREP+ABL
8 populo people NOUN, ABL.SG.M
9 terræ of the land NOUN, GEN.SG.F
10 ut so that CONJ
11 faciat he may do VERB, 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
12 quidquam anything PRON, ACC.SG.N
13 de of PREP+ABL
14 his these things PRON, ABL.PL.M/N
15 quæ which PRON, NOM.PL.N, REL
16 Domini of the LORD NOUN, GEN.SG.M
17 lege by the law NOUN, ABL.SG.F
18 prohibentur are forbidden VERB, 3PL.PRES.PASS.IND
19 atque and CONJ
20 delinquat should become guilty VERB, 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ

Syntax

Conditional structure: Quod si peccaverit anima per ignorantiam — introduces a hypothetical sin committed unintentionally.
Source phrase: de populo terræ — specifies that the sinner is an ordinary member of the community.
Final/result clause: ut faciat quidquam de his — expresses the unintended doing of anything forbidden.
Relative clause: quæ Domini lege prohibentur — defines the forbidden actions as those banned by the LORD’s law.
Climactic clause: atque delinquat — expresses the resulting state of guilt.

Morphology

  1. Quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces conditional amplification; Translation: but if; Notes: reinforces hypothetical scenario.
  2. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: conditional marker; Translation: if; Notes: establishes protasis.
  3. peccaverit — Lemma: pecco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: verb of conditional clause; Translation: should sin; Notes: legal future expressing potential infraction.
  4. anima — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: person; Notes: idiomatically means “someone.”
  5. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses cause; Translation: through; Notes: marks inadvertent cause.
  6. ignorantiam — Lemma: ignorantia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of per; Translation: ignorance; Notes: stresses unintentionality.
  7. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: specifies membership; Translation: from; Notes: indicates social origin.
  8. populo — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of de; Translation: people; Notes: refers to the general Israelite population.
  9. terræ — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies populo; Translation: of the land; Notes: territorial designation.
  10. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: expresses result/purpose; Translation: so that; Notes: introduces consequence of ignorance.
  11. faciat — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active subjunctive; Function: verb of ut-clause; Translation: he may do; Notes: potential action contingent on ignorance.
  12. quidquam — Lemma: quidquam; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object of faciat; Translation: anything; Notes: emphasizes even minor infractions.
  13. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: partitive; Translation: of; Notes: introduces set of prohibited acts.
  14. his — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative plural masculine/neuter; Function: object of de; Translation: these things; Notes: refers to defined prohibitions.
  15. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of prohibentur; Translation: which; Notes: links to preceding antecedent.
  16. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive modifier of lege; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  17. lege — Lemma: lex; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: instrument; Translation: by the law; Notes: authoritative prohibition.
  18. prohibentur — Lemma: prohibeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present passive indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: are forbidden; Notes: ongoing legal restriction.
  19. atque — Lemma: atque; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: adds final outcome; Translation: and; Notes: heightens consequence.
  20. delinquat — Lemma: delinquo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active subjunctive; Function: expresses resultant guilt; Translation: should become guilty; Notes: legal recognition of wrongdoing.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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