Leviticus 4:32

Posted on April 4, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 4:32 Sin autem de pecoribus obtulerit victimam pro peccato, ovem scilicet immaculatam;

But if he has offered from the flock a victim for sin, namely an unblemished sheep,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Sin but if CONJ
2 autem however ADV
3 de from PREP+ABL
4 pecoribus the flock NOUN, ABL.PL.N
5 obtulerit he has offered VERB, 3SG.FUTPERF.ACT.IND
6 victimam victim NOUN, ACC.SG.F
7 pro for PREP+ABL
8 peccato sin NOUN, ABL.SG.N
9 ovem sheep NOUN, ACC.SG.F
10 scilicet namely ADV
11 immaculatam unblemished ADJ, ACC.SG.F

Syntax

The conditional clause is headed by Sin autem, introducing an alternative sacrificial scenario.
The prepositional phrase de pecoribus specifies the source of the victim.
The main verb obtulerit governs the direct object victimam and the prepositional complement pro peccato.
The apposition ovem scilicet immaculatam clarifies the type of victim required.

Morphology

  1. Sin — Lemma: sin; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces conditional clause; Translation: but if; Notes: alternative sacrificial rule.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: adds contrast; Translation: however; Notes: modifies conditional tone.
  3. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses source; Translation: from; Notes: sacrificial origin phrase.
  4. pecoribus — Lemma: pecus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: object of de; Translation: the flock; Notes: includes sheep and goats.
  5. obtulerit — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: main verb of condition; Translation: he has offered; Notes: typical sacrificial legal formula.
  6. victimam — Lemma: victima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: victim; Notes: designated sin offering.
  7. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: purpose/benefit; Translation: for; Notes: expresses expiatory purpose.
  8. peccato — Lemma: peccatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of pro; Translation: sin; Notes: the sin being expiated.
  9. ovem — Lemma: ovis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: appositional clarification; Translation: sheep; Notes: specifies species of offering.
  10. scilicet — Lemma: scilicet; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: explanatory; Translation: namely; Notes: introduces specification.
  11. immaculatam — Lemma: immaculatus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: describes ovem; Translation: unblemished; Notes: required purity.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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