Leviticus 7:12

Posted on April 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 7:12 Si pro gratiarum actione oblatio fuerit, offerent panes absque fermento conspersos oleo, et lagana azyma uncta oleo, coctamque similam, et collyridas olei admistione conspersas:

If the offering shall have been for thanksgiving, they shall offer loaves without leaven sprinkled with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil, and fine flour cooked, and cakes sprinkled with a mixture of oil;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Si if CONJ
2 pro for PREP+ABL
3 gratiarum of thanksgivings GEN.PL.F
4 actione action ABL.SG.F
5 oblatio the offering NOM.SG.F
6 fuerit shall have been 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
7 offerent they shall offer 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
8 panes loaves ACC.PL.M
9 absque without PREP+ABL
10 fermento leaven ABL.SG.N
11 conspersos sprinkled PTCP.PERF.PASS.ACC.PL.M
12 oleo with oil ABL.SG.N
13 et and CONJ
14 lagana wafers ACC.PL.N
15 azyma unleavened ADJ.ACC.PL.N
16 uncta anointed PTCP.PERF.PASS.ACC.PL.N
17 oleo with oil ABL.SG.N
18 coctamque and cooked PTCP.PERF.PASS.ACC.SG.F
19 similam fine flour ACC.SG.F
20 et and CONJ
21 collyridas cakes ACC.PL.F
22 olei of oil GEN.SG.N
23 admistione mixture ABL.SG.F
24 conspersas sprinkled PTCP.PERF.PASS.ACC.PL.F

Syntax

Conditional Clause: Si + oblatio fuerit — establishes the thanksgiving condition
Purpose Phrase: pro gratiarum actione — specifies the reason for the offering
Main Clause: offerent (verb) with multiple coordinated direct objects
Object Series: panes … lagana … similam … collyridas — enumerates the required items
Participial Modifiers: conspersos, uncta, coctam, conspersas — describe preparation methods
Ablative Means: oleo, olei admistione — indicate the use or mixture of oil

Morphology

  1. Si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces a conditional clause; Translation: if; Notes: Opens a legal condition.
  2. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: introduces purpose; Translation: for; Notes: Common in sacrificial contexts.
  3. gratiarum — Lemma: gratia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural feminine, first declension; Function: modifies actione; Translation: of thanksgivings; Notes: Plural expresses acts of thanksgiving.
  4. actione — Lemma: actio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine, third declension; Function: object of pro; Translation: action; Notes: Refers to ritual expression of thanks.
  5. oblatio — Lemma: oblatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine, third declension; Function: subject of fuerit; Translation: the offering; Notes: General term for what is presented.
  6. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of the conditional clause; Translation: shall have been; Notes: Subjunctive used for generalized legal condition.
  7. offerent — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: they shall offer; Notes: Prescribes the required action.
  8. panes — Lemma: panis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine, third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: loaves; Notes: Bread items for the offering.
  9. absque — Lemma: absque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: introduces exclusion; Translation: without; Notes: Emphasizes absence of leaven.
  10. fermento — Lemma: fermentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter, second declension; Function: object of absque; Translation: leaven; Notes: Leaven excluded in sacred offerings.
  11. conspersos — Lemma: conspergo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: accusative plural masculine perfect passive participle; Function: modifies panes; Translation: sprinkled; Notes: Describes preparation with oil.
  12. oleo — Lemma: oleum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter, second declension; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with oil; Notes: Oil signifies richness and dedication.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates items; Translation: and; Notes: Continues enumeration.
  14. lagana — Lemma: laganum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter, second declension; Function: direct object; Translation: wafers; Notes: Thin flat cakes.
  15. azyma — Lemma: azymus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: modifies lagana; Translation: unleavened; Notes: Reinforces absence of fermentation.
  16. uncta — Lemma: ungo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: accusative plural neuter perfect passive participle; Function: modifies lagana; Translation: anointed; Notes: Oil applied directly.
  17. oleo — Lemma: oleum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with oil; Notes: Repeated for clarity of preparation.
  18. coctamque — Lemma: coquo; Part of Speech: participle with enclitic conjunction; Form: accusative singular feminine perfect passive participle; Function: modifies similam; Translation: and cooked; Notes: Indicates heat preparation.
  19. similam — Lemma: simila; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine, first declension; Function: direct object; Translation: fine flour; Notes: Finely milled grain component.
  20. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates final item; Translation: and; Notes: Adds another category.
  21. collyridas — Lemma: collyris; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine, third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: cakes; Notes: Small round baked items.
  22. olei — Lemma: oleum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: modifies admistione; Translation: of oil; Notes: Specifies the substance mixed.
  23. admistione — Lemma: admistio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine, third declension; Function: ablative of means; Translation: mixture; Notes: Indicates blending rather than surface application.
  24. conspersas — Lemma: conspergo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: accusative plural feminine perfect passive participle; Function: modifies collyridas; Translation: sprinkled; Notes: Final preparation descriptor.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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