Leviticus 7:13

Posted on April 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 7:13 panes quoque fermentatos cum hostia gratiarum, quæ immolatur pro pacificis:

and also leavened loaves together with the thanksgiving offering, which is immolated for peace offerings;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 panes loaves ACC.PL.M
2 quoque also ADV
3 fermentatos leavened PTCP.PERF.PASS.ACC.PL.M
4 cum with PREP+ABL
5 hostia the offering ABL.SG.F
6 gratiarum of thanksgivings GEN.PL.F
7 quæ which REL.NOM.SG.F
8 immolatur is immolated 3SG.PRES.PASS.IND
9 pro for PREP+ABL
10 pacificis peace offerings ABL.PL.M

Syntax

Object Phrase: panes fermentatos — additional items required for the rite
Adverbial Modifier: quoque — marks inclusion in addition to previous elements
Accompaniment Phrase: cum hostia gratiarum — associates the loaves with the thanksgiving offering
Relative Clause: quæ immolatur pro pacificis — specifies the cultic category of the offering

Morphology

  1. panes — Lemma: panis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine, third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: loaves; Notes: Bread items added to the thanksgiving rite.
  2. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: additive modifier; Translation: also; Notes: Indicates inclusion alongside previously listed offerings.
  3. fermentatos — Lemma: fermento; Part of Speech: participle; Form: accusative plural masculine perfect passive participle; Function: modifies panes; Translation: leavened; Notes: Exceptional inclusion of leaven in a thanksgiving peace offering.
  4. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: introduces accompaniment; Translation: with; Notes: Links the bread to the principal offering.
  5. hostia — Lemma: hostia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine, first declension; Function: object of cum; Translation: the offering; Notes: Refers to the animal sacrifice of thanksgiving.
  6. gratiarum — Lemma: gratia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural feminine, first declension; Function: dependent genitive modifying hostia; Translation: of thanksgivings; Notes: Specifies the thanksgiving character of the offering.
  7. quæ — Lemma: qui, quæ, quod; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: Refers back to hostia.
  8. immolatur — Lemma: immolo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present passive indicative; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: is immolated; Notes: Technical term for sacrificial killing.
  9. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: introduces purpose; Translation: for; Notes: Indicates sacrificial intent.
  10. pacificis — Lemma: pacificus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of pro; Translation: peace offerings; Notes: Refers to communion or fellowship sacrifices.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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