Leviticus 14:8

Posted on April 14, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 14:8 Cumque laverit homo vestimenta sua, radet omnes pilos corporis, et lavabitur aqua: purificatusque ingredietur castra, ita dumtaxat ut maneat extra tabernaculum suum septem diebus,

And when the man has washed his garments, he shall shave all the hair of his body, and he shall wash himself with water; and having been purified he shall enter the camp, yet only so that he remains outside his tent for seven days,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cumque and when CONJ
2 laverit he has washed 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
3 homo man NOM.SG.M
4 vestimenta garments ACC.PL.N
5 sua his own ACC.PL.N POSS.ADJ
6 radet he shall shave 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
7 omnes all ACC.PL.M ADJ.POS
8 pilos hairs ACC.PL.M
9 corporis of the body GEN.SG.N
10 et and CONJ
11 lavabitur he shall wash himself 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND
12 aqua with water ABL.SG.F
13 purificatusque and having been purified NOM.SG.M PTCP.PERF.PASS
14 ingredietur he shall enter 3SG.FUT.DEP.IND
15 castra the camp ACC.PL.N
16 ita thus ADV
17 dumtaxat only ADV
18 ut that CONJ
19 maneat he may remain 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
20 extra outside PREP+ACC
21 tabernaculum tent ACC.SG.N
22 suum his own ACC.SG.N POSS.ADJ
23 septem seven INDECL.NUM
24 diebus days ABL.PL.M

Syntax

Temporal Clause: Cumque laverit homo vestimenta sua introduces the prerequisite action using a temporal cum with perfect subjunctive.
Main Actions: radet and lavabitur describe successive ritual acts of shaving and washing.
Resulting State: purificatus functions as a circumstantial participle describing condition prior to entry.
Deponent Motion: ingredietur castra expresses entrance into the camp.
Restrictive Purpose: ita dumtaxat ut maneat limits the permission by a purpose clause.
Locative Phrase: extra tabernaculum suum specifies separation.
Temporal Limit: septem diebus marks the duration.

Morphology

  1. Cumque — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction with enclitic; Form: invariable; Function: introduces a temporal clause; Translation: and when; Notes: The enclitic links closely to prior instructions.
  2. laverit — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: he has washed; Notes: Used after temporal cum.
  3. homo — Lemma: homo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: man; Notes: Refers to the formerly leprous person.
  4. vestimenta — Lemma: vestimentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: garments; Notes: Clothing subject to ritual washing.
  5. sua — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: modifies vestimenta; Translation: his own; Notes: Reflexive possession.
  6. radet — Lemma: rado; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main predicate; Translation: he shall shave; Notes: Part of purification ritual.
  7. omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies pilos; Translation: all; Notes: Indicates total removal.
  8. pilos — Lemma: pilus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: hairs; Notes: Refers to body hair.
  9. corporis — Lemma: corpus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: modifies pilos; Translation: of the body; Notes: Specifies extent.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins actions.
  11. lavabitur — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative passive; Function: reflexive action; Translation: he shall wash himself; Notes: Passive used with reflexive sense.
  12. aqua — Lemma: aqua; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with water; Notes: Ritual washing medium.
  13. purificatusque — Lemma: purifico; Part of Speech: participle with enclitic; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect passive; Function: circumstantial participle; Translation: and having been purified; Notes: Describes resulting state.
  14. ingredietur — Lemma: ingredior; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative deponent; Function: motion verb; Translation: he shall enter; Notes: Deponent with active meaning.
  15. castra — Lemma: castra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: the camp; Notes: Israelite encampment.
  16. ita — Lemma: ita; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: manner; Translation: thus; Notes: Introduces limitation.
  17. dumtaxat — Lemma: dumtaxat; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: restrictive modifier; Translation: only; Notes: Emphasizes restriction.
  18. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces purpose clause; Translation: that; Notes: Governs the subjunctive.
  19. maneat — Lemma: maneo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present subjunctive active; Function: verb of purpose; Translation: he may remain; Notes: Expresses required condition.
  20. extra — Lemma: extra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: spatial relation; Translation: outside; Notes: Indicates separation.
  21. tabernaculum — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of extra; Translation: tent; Notes: Personal dwelling.
  22. suum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies tabernaculum; Translation: his own; Notes: Reflexive ownership.
  23. septem — Lemma: septem; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies diebus; Translation: seven; Notes: Ritual time period.
  24. diebus — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: ablative of time; Translation: days; Notes: Duration of separation.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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