Leviticus 16:29

Posted on April 16, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 16:29 Eritque vobis hoc legitimum sempiternum: Mense septimo, decima die mensis affligetis animas vestras, nullumque opus facietis, sive indigena, sive advena qui peregrinatur inter vos.

And this shall be for you a perpetual statute: In the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall afflict your souls, and you shall do no work, whether a native or a sojourner who sojourns among you.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Eritque and-it-shall-be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND+CONJ
2 vobis for-you DAT.PL
3 hoc this NOM.SG.N.DEM
4 legitimum statute NOM.SG.N
5 sempiternum perpetual NOM.SG.N.ADJ
6 Mense in-the-month ABL.SG.M
7 septimo seventh ABL.SG.M.ORD
8 decima tenth ABL.SG.F.ORD
9 die day ABL.SG.F
10 mensis of-the-month GEN.SG.M
11 affligetis you-shall-afflict 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
12 animas souls ACC.PL.F
13 vestras your ACC.PL.F.PRON.POSS
14 nullumque and-no ACC.SG.N.ADJ+CONJ
15 opus work ACC.SG.N
16 facietis you-shall-do 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
17 sive whether CONJ
18 indigena native NOM.SG.M
19 sive or CONJ
20 advena sojourner NOM.SG.M
21 qui who NOM.SG.M.REL
22 peregrinatur sojourns 3SG.PRES.DEP.IND
23 inter among PREP+ACC
24 vos you ACC.PL.PRON.PERS

Syntax

Main Declaration: Eritque vobis hoc legitimum sempiternum — establishes a perpetual legal statute
Temporal Frame: Mense septimo, decima die mensis — precise calendrical specification
Primary Command: affligetis animas vestras — mandated self-affliction
Prohibition: nullumque opus facietis — total cessation of work
Universal Scope: sive indigena, sive advena — applies equally to native and sojourner
Relative Clause: qui peregrinatur inter vos — defines the resident foreigner

Morphology

  1. Eritque — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb with enclitic; Form: third person singular future indicative active + -que; Function: main predicate; Translation: and it shall be; Notes: Introduces a binding statute.
  2. vobis — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: dative plural; Function: dative of reference; Translation: for you; Notes: Addresses the community.
  3. hoc — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject; Translation: this; Notes: Points to the ordinance.
  4. legitimum — Lemma: legitimus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantivally; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: statute; Notes: Legal terminology.
  5. sempiternum — Lemma: sempiternus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: modifies legitimum; Translation: perpetual; Notes: Emphasizes enduring validity.
  6. Mense — Lemma: mensis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular, third declension; Function: temporal ablative; Translation: in the month; Notes: Time setting.
  7. septimo — Lemma: septimus; Part of Speech: ordinal adjective; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: modifies mense; Translation: seventh; Notes: Liturgical calendar marker.
  8. decima — Lemma: decimus; Part of Speech: ordinal adjective; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: modifies die; Translation: tenth; Notes: Specific date.
  9. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine singular, fifth declension; Function: temporal ablative; Translation: day; Notes: Day designation.
  10. mensis — Lemma: mensis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the month; Notes: Clarifies the date.
  11. affligetis — Lemma: affligo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural future indicative active; Function: main command; Translation: you shall afflict; Notes: Cultic self-denial.
  12. animas — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine plural, first declension; Function: direct object; Translation: souls; Notes: Inner life/personhood.
  13. vestras — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: accusative feminine plural; Function: modifies animas; Translation: your; Notes: Addresses the community.
  14. nullumque — Lemma: nullus; Part of Speech: adjective with enclitic; Form: accusative neuter singular + -que; Function: modifies opus; Translation: and no; Notes: Absolute negation.
  15. opus — Lemma: opus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular, third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: work; Notes: Any labor.
  16. facietis — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural future indicative active; Function: predicate; Translation: you shall do; Notes: Prohibited action.
  17. sive — Lemma: sive; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: disjunction; Translation: whether; Notes: Introduces alternatives.
  18. indigena — Lemma: indigena; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: native; Notes: One born in the land.
  19. sive — Lemma: sive; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: disjunction; Translation: or; Notes: Continues alternatives.
  20. advena — Lemma: advena; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: sojourner; Notes: Resident foreigner.
  21. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: Refers to the sojourner.
  22. peregrinatur — Lemma: peregrinor; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative deponent; Function: predicate of relative clause; Translation: sojourns; Notes: Ongoing residence.
  23. inter — Lemma: inter; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: spatial relation; Translation: among; Notes: Communal proximity.
  24. vos — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: object of inter; Translation: you; Notes: The covenant community.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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