Exodus 29:21

Posted on March 20, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 29:21 Cumque tuleris de sanguine qui est super altare, et de oleo unctionis, asperges Aaron et vestes eius, filios et vestimenta eorum. Consecratisque ipsis et vestibus,

And when you shall have taken from the blood that is upon the altar, and from the oil of anointing, you shall sprinkle Aaron and his garments, his sons and their garments. And when you have consecrated them and the garments,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cumque and when CONJ INDECL
2 tuleris you shall have taken VERB 2SG.FUTP.ACT.IND IRREG
3 de from PREP+ABL INDECL
4 sanguine blood NOUN ABL.SG.M 3RD DECL
5 qui which PRON REL NOM.SG.M
6 est is VERB 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND IRREG
7 super upon PREP+ACC INDECL
8 altare, altar NOUN ACC.SG.N 3RD DECL
9 et and CONJ INDECL
10 de from PREP+ABL INDECL
11 oleo oil NOUN ABL.SG.N 2ND DECL
12 unctionis, of anointing NOUN GEN.SG.F 3RD DECL
13 asperges you shall sprinkle VERB 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
14 Aaron Aaron NOUN ACC.SG.M INDECL
15 et and CONJ INDECL
16 vestes garments NOUN ACC.PL.F 3RD DECL
17 eius, his PRON POSS GEN.SG.M
18 filios sons NOUN ACC.PL.M 2ND DECL
19 et and CONJ INDECL
20 vestimenta garments NOUN ACC.PL.N 2ND DECL
21 eorum. of them PRON POSS GEN.PL.M
22 Consecratisque and when having been consecrated PTCP PERF.PASS.ABL.PL.M + ENCLITIC -QUE
23 ipsis them PRON PERS ABL.PL.M
24 et and CONJ INDECL
25 vestibus, garments NOUN ABL.PL.F 3RD DECL

Syntax

Temporal Clause:
Cumque tuleris de sanguine qui est super altare, et de oleo unctionis —
• Cumque introduces a temporal clause (“and when”).
• tuleris (future perfect) expresses action completed before the main clause.
• de sanguine and de oleo unctionis are ablatives of source with de.
• qui est super altare is a relative clause describing the blood (“which is upon the altar”).

Main Clause:
asperges Aaron et vestes eius, filios et vestimenta eorum —
• asperges is the main verb (“you shall sprinkle”).
• Four coordinated direct objects: Aaron, vestes eius, filios, vestimenta eorum.
• Possessives eius and eorum mark whose garments.

Ablative Absolute:
Consecratisque ipsis et vestibus —
• Consecratis (perfect passive participle) + ipsis + vestibus form an ablative absolute.
• Literally: “and with them and the garments having been consecrated,” giving a condition or circumstance for the following action (in the next clause/verse).

Morphology

  1. Cumque — Lemma: cum + -que; Part of Speech: conjunction with enclitic; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces a temporal subordinate clause and links it to the previous context; Translation: and when; Notes: -que joins this clause closely to the preceding ritual instructions.
  2. tuleris — Lemma: fero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future perfect active indicative second person singular, irregular; Function: verb of the temporal clause; Translation: you shall have taken; Notes: indicates an action completed prior to the sprinkling.
  3. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces an ablative of source; Translation: from; Notes: standard sacrificial phrasing with blood and oil.
  4. sanguine — Lemma: sanguis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine, 3rd declension; Function: object of the preposition de; Translation: blood; Notes: refers to the sacrificial blood already placed on the altar.
  5. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of est, referring back to sanguine; Translation: which; Notes: introduces a descriptive relative clause.
  6. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third person singular, irregular; Function: copular verb; Translation: is; Notes: locates the blood “upon the altar.”
  7. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces a prepositional phrase of location; Translation: upon; Notes: typical for sacrificial positioning on the altar.
  8. altare, — Lemma: altare; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter, 3rd declension; Function: object of super; Translation: altar; Notes: comma reflects the end of the relative clause.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates the second prepositional phrase (de oleo) with de sanguine; Translation: and; Notes: simple additive connector.
  10. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces another ablative of source; Translation: from; Notes: parallels de sanguine.
  11. oleo — Lemma: oleum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter, 2nd declension; Function: object of de; Translation: oil; Notes: refers to the sacred anointing oil.
  12. unctionis, — Lemma: unctio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine, 3rd declension; Function: genitive of specification modifying oleo; Translation: of anointing; Notes: defines the oil as “anointing oil.”
  13. asperges — Lemma: aspergo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second person singular, 3rd conjugation; Function: main verb of the principal clause; Translation: you shall sprinkle; Notes: indicates ritual application of blood and oil.
  14. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine (form indeclinable, function accusative); Function: direct object of asperges; Translation: Aaron; Notes: refers to the high priest being consecrated.
  15. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates additional direct objects with Aaron; Translation: and; Notes: ties together person and garments.
  16. vestes — Lemma: vestis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine, 3rd declension; Function: direct object of asperges; Translation: garments; Notes: refers to Aaron’s priestly garments.
  17. eius, — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies vestes; Translation: his; Notes: the garments belonging to Aaron.
  18. filios — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine, 2nd declension; Function: additional direct object of asperges; Translation: sons; Notes: Aaron’s sons, consecrated as priests.
  19. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates vestimenta with filios; Translation: and; Notes: continues the series of objects.
  20. vestimenta — Lemma: vestimentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter, 2nd declension; Function: direct object of asperges; Translation: garments; Notes: garments of Aaron’s sons.
  21. eorum. — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: modifies vestimenta; Translation: of them / their; Notes: refers back to the sons (filios).
  22. Consecratisque — Lemma: consecro + -que; Part of Speech: participle with enclitic; Form: ablative plural masculine perfect passive participle; Function: verbal element in an ablative absolute; Translation: and when having been consecrated; Notes: -que links this ablative absolute to the previous actions.
  23. ipsis — Lemma: ipse; Part of Speech: intensive / demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: substantive noun within the ablative absolute; Translation: them; Notes: refers to the persons (Aaron and his sons) now consecrated.
  24. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates vestibus with ipsis inside the ablative absolute; Translation: and; Notes: joins people and garments in one consecrated unit.
  25. vestibus, — Lemma: vestis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine, 3rd declension; Function: second noun in the ablative absolute construction with Consecratis; Translation: garments; Notes: refers to the garments belonging to Aaron and his sons, equally consecrated.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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