Genesis 11:13

Posted on January 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 11:13 Vixitque Arphaxad postquam genuit Sale, trecentis tribus annis: et genuit filios et filias.

And Arphaxad lived, after he begot Sale, three hundred and three years; and he begot sons and daughters.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Vixitque and lived 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND + ENCLITIC
2 Arphaxad Arphaxad NOM.SG.M
3 postquam after CONJ.TEMP
4 genuit begot 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
5 Sale Sale ACC.SG.M
6 trecentis three hundred ABL.PL.M
7 tribus and three ABL.PL.M
8 annis years ABL.PL.M
9 et and CONJ
10 genuit begot 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
11 filios sons ACC.PL.M
12 et and CONJ
13 filias daughters ACC.PL.F

Syntax

Main Clause: Vixitque Arphaxad — subject Arphaxad and main verb vixit describing the remainder of his life.
Temporal Clause: postquam genuit Sale — expresses time after Arphaxad begot Sale.
Ablative Phrase: trecentis tribus annis — ablative of duration, “for three hundred and three years.”
Coordinate Clause: et genuit filios et filias — typical genealogical continuation, describing offspring beyond the named heir.

Morphology

  1. Vixitque — Lemma: vivo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Perfect active indicative 3rd person singular + enclitic “-que”; Function: Main verb; Translation: “and lived”; Notes: Introduces the continuation of life after childbirth.
  2. Arphaxad — Lemma: Arphaxad; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Nominative singular masculine; Function: Subject of vixit and genuit; Translation: “Arphaxad”; Notes: Son of Sem and father of Sale.
  3. postquam — Lemma: postquam; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Temporal; Function: Introduces clause of previous event; Translation: “after”; Notes: Common in genealogical context.
  4. genuit — Lemma: gigno; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Perfect active indicative 3rd person singular; Function: Verb in temporal clause; Translation: “begot”; Notes: Denotes an event preceding the main verb.
  5. Sale — Lemma: Sale; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Accusative singular masculine; Function: Direct object of genuit; Translation: “Sale”; Notes: Arphaxad’s son and heir.
  6. trecentis — Lemma: trecenti; Part of Speech: Numeral adjective; Form: Ablative plural masculine; Function: Modifies annis; Translation: “three hundred”; Notes: Part of compound numeral phrase.
  7. tribus — Lemma: tres; Part of Speech: Numeral adjective; Form: Ablative plural masculine; Function: Modifies annis; Translation: “and three”; Notes: Completes the number 303.
  8. annis — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Ablative plural masculine; Function: Ablative of duration; Translation: “years”; Notes: Expresses time lived after begetting Sale.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Coordinating; Function: Connects main clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links Arphaxad’s life with his further descendants.
  10. genuit — Lemma: gigno; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Perfect active indicative 3rd person singular; Function: Main verb of coordinate clause; Translation: “he begot”; Notes: Indicates further children beyond the named heir.
  11. filios — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative plural masculine; Function: Direct object of genuit; Translation: “sons”; Notes: Common formula in genealogical passages.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Coordinating; Function: Connects coordinated objects; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links filios with filias.
  13. filias — Lemma: filia; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative plural feminine; Function: Object of genuit; Translation: “daughters”; Notes: Completes the standard genealogical expression.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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