Genesis 36:35

Posted on February 5, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 36:35 Hoc quoque mortuo, regnavit pro eo Adad filius Badad, qui percussit Madian in regione Moab: et nomen urbis eius Avith.

And when this one had also died, Adad the son of Badad reigned in his place, he who struck down Madian in the region of Moab; and the name of his city was Avith.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Hoc this one PRON.DEM.ABL.SG.M
2 quoque also ADV
3 mortuo having died PART.PERF.PASS.ABL.SG.M
4 regnavit reigned V.3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
5 pro in place of PREP+ABL
6 eo him PRON.PERS.ABL.SG.M
7 Adad Hadad PROP.NOUN.NOM.SG.M
8 filius son NOUN.NOM.SG.M
9 Badad of Bedad PROP.NOUN.GEN.SG.M
10 qui who PRON.REL.NOM.SG.M
11 percussit struck down V.3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
12 Madian Midian PROP.NOUN.ACC.SG.M
13 in in PREP+ABL
14 regione region NOUN.ABL.SG.F
15 Moab Moab PROP.NOUN.ABL.SG.F
16 et and CONJ
17 nomen name NOUN.NOM.SG.N
18 urbis of the city NOUN.GEN.SG.F
19 eius of him / his PRON.PERS.GEN.SG.M
20 Avith Avith PROP.NOUN.NOM.SG.F

Syntax

Ablative Absolute: Hoc quoque mortuo —
The phrase uses hoc and the participle mortuo in the ablative, forming an absolute construction meaning “when this one also had died.” It provides the temporal background to the main event.

Main Clause: regnavit pro eo Adad filius Badad —
The verb regnavit (“reigned”) governs the prepositional phrase pro eo (“in his place”). The subject Adad is specified by the appositive filius Badad (“son of Bedad”).

Relative Clause: qui percussit Madian in regione Moab —
The relative pronoun qui refers to Adad. The verb percussit (“struck down”) takes Madian as its object, while in regione Moab indicates location (“in the region of Moab”).

Nominal Clause: et nomen urbis eius Avith —
The conjunction et introduces a coordinate statement. The subject nomen (“name”) is followed by the genitive phrase urbis eius (“of his city”), and Avith serves as the predicate nominative (“was Avith”).

Morphology

  1. Hoc — Lemma: hic, haec, hoc; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: element in ablative absolute; Translation: “this one”; Notes: Refers to Husam, the preceding king.
  2. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifier; Translation: “also”; Notes: Adds emphasis to the sequence of royal deaths.
  3. mortuo — Lemma: morior; Part of Speech: deponent verb (participle); Form: perfect participle ablative singular masculine; Function: with hoc in ablative absolute; Translation: “having died”; Notes: Expresses temporal background.
  4. regnavit — Lemma: regnō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: “reigned”; Notes: Introduces the succession of Hadad.
  5. pro — Lemma: prō; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses substitution; Translation: “in place of”; Notes: Denotes royal succession.
  6. eo — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of pro; Translation: “him”; Notes: Refers to the deceased Husam.
  7. Adad — Lemma: Adad; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of regnavit; Translation: “Hadad”; Notes: Name of the next Edomite king, of Aramaean origin.
  8. filius — Lemma: fīlius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: appositive to Adad; Translation: “son”; Notes: Establishes lineage in genealogical style.
  9. Badad — Lemma: Badad; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive genitive modifying filius; Translation: “of Bedad”; Notes: Indicates paternal descent.
  10. qui — Lemma: quī, quae, quod; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: “who”; Notes: Refers to Adad, providing distinguishing detail.
  11. percussit — Lemma: percutiō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect indicative active; Function: main verb of relative clause; Translation: “struck down”; Notes: Indicates military victory.
  12. Madian — Lemma: Madian; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object of percussit; Translation: “Midian”; Notes: A nomadic people east of the Jordan.
  13. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates location; Translation: “in”; Notes: Introduces the phrase in regione Moab.
  14. regione — Lemma: regiō; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: “region”; Notes: Geographic term specifying battle area.
  15. Moab — Lemma: Moab; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: appositive to regione; Translation: “Moab”; Notes: Eastern territory near the Dead Sea.
  16. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates final clause; Translation: “and”; Notes: Joins genealogical and topographical statements.
  17. nomen — Lemma: nōmen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject; Translation: “name”; Notes: Introduces new nominal clause about the city.
  18. urbis — Lemma: urbs; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: possessive genitive modifying nomen; Translation: “of the city”; Notes: Indicates possession.
  19. eius — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive pronoun modifying urbis; Translation: “of him / his”; Notes: Refers to Adad.
  20. Avith — Lemma: Avith; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: “Avith”; Notes: City associated with King Adad’s reign.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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