Leviticus 14:44

Posted on April 14, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 14:44 ingressus sacerdos viderit reversam lepram, et parietes respersos maculis, lepra est perseverans, et immunda domus:

having entered, the priest shall have seen the leprosy returned, and the walls spattered with spots, the leprosy is persevering, and the house unclean;  

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 ingressus having entered NOM.SG.M PERF.DEP.PTCP
2 sacerdos priest NOM.SG.M
3 viderit shall have seen 3SG.FUTP.SUBJ.ACT
4 reversam returned ACC.SG.F PERF.PASS.PTCP
5 lepram leprosy ACC.SG.F
6 et and CONJ
7 parietes walls ACC.PL.M
8 respersos sprinkled ACC.PL.M PERF.PASS.PTCP
9 maculis with spots ABL.PL.F
10 lepra leprosy NOM.SG.F
11 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
12 perseverans persistent NOM.SG.F PRES.ACT.PTCP
13 et and CONJ
14 immunda unclean NOM.SG.F ADJ
15 domus house NOM.SG.F

Syntax

Participial Frame: ingressus sacerdos sets the circumstance of inspection.
Judicial Condition: viderit reversam lepram states the decisive observation after entry.
Supplementary Accusative: parietes respersos maculis details the visible evidence on the structure.
Verdict Clause: lepra est perseverans gives the diagnostic judgment.
Result: immunda domus declares the legal status of the house.

Morphology

  1. ingressus — Lemma: ingredior; Part of Speech: verb participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect deponent participle; Function: circumstantial participle; Translation: having entered; Notes: Indicates action completed prior to judgment.
  2. sacerdos — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: priest; Notes: Authorized examiner and judge.
  3. viderit — Lemma: video; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of the conditional clause; Translation: shall have seen; Notes: Typical legal tense after temporal or conditional framing.
  4. reversam — Lemma: revertor; Part of Speech: participle; Form: accusative singular feminine perfect passive; Function: modifies lepram; Translation: returned; Notes: Emphasizes recurrence after remediation.
  5. lepram — Lemma: lepra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of viderit; Translation: leprosy; Notes: The affliction under examination.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links concurrent observations.
  7. parietes — Lemma: paries; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object in supplementary description; Translation: walls; Notes: Structural surfaces inspected.
  8. respersos — Lemma: respergo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: accusative plural masculine perfect passive; Function: modifies parietes; Translation: sprinkled; Notes: Visual evidence of contamination.
  9. maculis — Lemma: macula; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: ablative of means or description; Translation: with spots; Notes: Characteristic marks of the affliction.
  10. lepra — Lemma: lepra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: leprosy; Notes: Reintroduced for the formal verdict.
  11. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: Links subject to predicate.
  12. perseverans — Lemma: persevero; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular feminine present active; Function: predicate; Translation: persistent; Notes: Legal term for incurable continuation.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Connects diagnosis to consequence.
  14. immunda — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: unclean; Notes: Ritual status assigned.
  15. domus — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: house; Notes: The dwelling declared defiled.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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