Leviticus 16:27

Posted on April 16, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 16:27 Vitulum autem et hircum, qui pro peccato fuerant immolati, et quorum sanguis illatus est in Sanctuarium ut expiatio compleretur, asportabunt foras castra, et comburent igni tam pelles quam carnes eorum ac fimum:

But the bull and the goat, which had been immolated for sin, and whose blood was brought into the Sanctuary so that expiation might be completed, they shall carry outside the camp, and they shall burn with fire both their skins and their flesh and their dung;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Vitulum bull ACC.SG.M
2 autem but ADV
3 et and CONJ
4 hircum goat ACC.SG.M
5 qui which NOM.PL.M.REL
6 pro for PREP+ABL
7 peccato sin ABL.SG.N
8 fuerant had-been 3PL.PLUP.ACT.IND
9 immolati immolated PTCP.PERF.PASS.NOM.PL.M
10 et and CONJ
11 quorum whose GEN.PL.M.REL
12 sanguis blood NOM.SG.M
13 illatus brought-in PTCP.PERF.PASS.NOM.SG.M
14 est has-been 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
15 in into PREP+ACC
16 Sanctuarium Sanctuary ACC.SG.N
17 ut so-that CONJ
18 expiatio expiation NOM.SG.F
19 compleretur might-be-completed 3SG.IMPERF.SUBJ.PASS
20 asportabunt they-shall-carry-away 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
21 foras outside ADV
22 castra camp ACC.PL.N
23 et and CONJ
24 comburent they-shall-burn 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
25 igni with-fire ABL.SG.M
26 tam both ADV
27 pelles skins ACC.PL.F
28 quam as ADV
29 carnes flesh ACC.PL.F
30 eorum their GEN.PL.M.PRON.POSS
31 ac and CONJ
32 fimum dung ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Dislocated Objects: Vitulum … et hircum — fronted objects resumed by the plural verbs
Relative Clause: qui pro peccato fuerant immolati — identifies sacrificial purpose
Genitive Relative Clause: quorum sanguis illatus est in Sanctuarium — specifies cultic handling of blood
Purpose Clause: ut expiatio compleretur — result intended by the rite
Main Actions: asportabunt + comburent — removal and destruction
Means & Scope: igni with tam … quam … ac … — comprehensive burning

Morphology

  1. Vitulum — Lemma: vitulus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular, second declension; Function: direct object; Translation: bull; Notes: Sin-offering animal.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: adversative marker; Translation: but; Notes: Shifts focus.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins items.
  4. hircum — Lemma: hircus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: direct object; Translation: goat; Notes: Paired with the bull.
  5. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine plural; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: Refers to both animals.
  6. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: purpose; Translation: for; Notes: Cultic use.
  7. peccato — Lemma: peccatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter singular; Function: object of pro; Translation: sin; Notes: Reason for sacrifice.
  8. fuerant — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural pluperfect indicative active; Function: auxiliary; Translation: had been; Notes: Prior state.
  9. immolati — Lemma: immolo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative masculine plural; Function: predicate participle; Translation: immolated; Notes: Ritual slaughter.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Continues description.
  11. quorum — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: genitive masculine plural; Function: possessive relative; Translation: whose; Notes: Links to blood.
  12. sanguis — Lemma: sanguis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular, third declension; Function: subject; Translation: blood; Notes: Key expiatory element.
  13. illatus — Lemma: infero; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative masculine singular; Function: predicate participle; Translation: brought in; Notes: Movement into the sanctuary.
  14. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: auxiliary; Translation: has been; Notes: Forms perfect passive.
  15. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: motion toward; Translation: into; Notes: Direction.
  16. Sanctuarium — Lemma: sanctuarium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: object of in; Translation: Sanctuary; Notes: Holy place.
  17. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces purpose clause; Translation: so that; Notes: Expresses intent.
  18. expiatio — Lemma: expiatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: subject of purpose clause; Translation: expiation; Notes: Ritual outcome.
  19. compleretur — Lemma: compleo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular imperfect subjunctive passive; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: might be completed; Notes: Passive result.
  20. asportabunt — Lemma: asporto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future indicative active; Function: main predicate; Translation: they shall carry away; Notes: Removal outside the camp.
  21. foras — Lemma: foras; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: directional modifier; Translation: outside; Notes: Emphasizes exclusion.
  22. castra — Lemma: castra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: object of motion; Translation: camp; Notes: Community boundary.
  23. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Adds final action.
  24. comburent — Lemma: comburo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future indicative active; Function: main predicate; Translation: they shall burn; Notes: Complete destruction.
  25. igni — Lemma: ignis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular, third declension; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with fire; Notes: Means of burning.
  26. tam — Lemma: tam; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: correlative; Translation: both; Notes: Pairs with quam.
  27. pelles — Lemma: pellis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine plural, third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: skins; Notes: Outer parts.
  28. quam — Lemma: quam; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: correlative; Translation: as; Notes: Completes comparison.
  29. carnes — Lemma: caro; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine plural, third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: flesh; Notes: Bodily substance.
  30. eorum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive masculine plural; Function: modifies objects; Translation: their; Notes: Refers to the animals.
  31. ac — Lemma: ac; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: addition; Translation: and; Notes: Adds final element.
  32. fimum — Lemma: fimus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular, second declension; Function: direct object; Translation: dung; Notes: Included for total removal.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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