Leviticus 16:32

Posted on April 16, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 16:32 Expiabit autem sacerdos, qui unctus fuerit, et cuius manus initiatæ sunt ut sacerdotio fungatur pro patre suo: indueturque stola linea et vestibus sanctis,

And the priest who has been anointed shall make expiation, and whose hands have been initiated to serve in the priesthood in place of his father; and he shall be clothed with the linen tunic and the holy garments,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Expiabit shall-make-expiation 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
2 autem now CONJ
3 sacerdos priest NOM.SG.M
4 qui who NOM.SG.M.REL
5 unctus anointed PTCP.PERF.PASS.NOM.SG.M
6 fuerit has-been 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
7 et and CONJ
8 cuius whose GEN.SG.M.REL
9 manus hands NOM.PL.F
10 initiatæ initiated PTCP.PERF.PASS.NOM.PL.F
11 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
12 ut so-that CONJ
13 sacerdotio in-the-priesthood ABL.SG.N
14 fungatur he-may-serve 3SG.PRES.SUBJ.DEP
15 pro for PREP+ABL
16 patre father ABL.SG.M
17 suo his-own ABL.SG.M.PRON.POSS
18 indueturque and-he-shall-be-clothed 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND+CONJ
19 stola tunic ABL.SG.F
20 linea linen ABL.SG.F.ADJ
21 et and CONJ
22 vestibus garments ABL.PL.F
23 sanctis holy ABL.PL.F.ADJ

Syntax

Main Predicate: Expiabit — future act of ritual expiation
Subject: sacerdos — the officiating high priest
Relative Clause: qui unctus fuerit — identifies the priest as duly anointed
Coordinated Relative Clause: cuius manus initiatæ sunt — indicates consecration for service
Purpose Clause: ut sacerdotio fungatur — states priestly function
Substitution Phrase: pro patre suo — succession after the father
Resulting Action: indueturque stola linea et vestibus sanctis — prescribed sacred vesting

Morphology

  1. Expiabit — Lemma: expio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main predicate; Translation: he shall make expiation; Notes: Central priestly action.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: transitional connector; Translation: now; Notes: Shifts focus to the officiant.
  3. sacerdos — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular, third declension; Function: subject; Translation: priest; Notes: Refers to the high priest.
  4. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: Introduces defining clause.
  5. unctus — Lemma: ungo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative masculine singular; Function: predicate participle; Translation: anointed; Notes: Marks divine appointment.
  6. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: auxiliary in relative clause; Translation: has been; Notes: Completes the perfect idea.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links parallel descriptions.
  8. cuius — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: possessive relative; Translation: whose; Notes: Introduces possession.
  9. manus — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative feminine plural, fourth declension; Function: subject of clause; Translation: hands; Notes: Symbol of service.
  10. initiatæ — Lemma: initio; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative feminine plural; Function: predicate participle; Translation: initiated; Notes: Ritual consecration.
  11. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present indicative active; Function: auxiliary; Translation: are; Notes: Forms passive construction.
  12. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: purpose marker; Translation: so that; Notes: Introduces purpose.
  13. sacerdotio — Lemma: sacerdotium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter singular, second declension; Function: ablative with deponent; Translation: in the priesthood; Notes: Sphere of service.
  14. fungatur — Lemma: fungor; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present subjunctive deponent; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: he may serve; Notes: Deponent with active sense.
  15. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: substitution; Translation: for; Notes: Indicates succession.
  16. patre — Lemma: pater; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular, third declension; Function: object of pro; Translation: father; Notes: Refers to the predecessor.
  17. suo — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: modifies patre; Translation: his own; Notes: Reflexive possession.
  18. indueturque — Lemma: induo; Part of Speech: verb with enclitic; Form: third person singular future indicative passive + -que; Function: coordinated predicate; Translation: and he shall be clothed; Notes: Prescribed vesting.
  19. stola — Lemma: stola; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine singular, first declension; Function: means or instrument; Translation: tunic; Notes: Priestly garment.
  20. linea — Lemma: lineus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: modifies stola; Translation: linen; Notes: Material signifying purity.
  21. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Adds further garments.
  22. vestibus — Lemma: vestis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine plural, third declension; Function: means or accompaniment; Translation: garments; Notes: Cultic clothing.
  23. sanctis — Lemma: sanctus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative feminine plural; Function: modifies vestibus; Translation: holy; Notes: Set apart for sacred use.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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