Leviticus 13:37

Posted on April 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 13:37 Porro si steterit macula, et capilli nigri fuerint, noverit hominem sanatum esse, et confidenter eum pronunciet mundum.

But if the spot has remained, and the hairs have been black, he shall know that the man has been healed, and he shall confidently pronounce him clean.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Porro but moreover ADV
2 si if CONJ
3 steterit has remained 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
4 macula spot NOM.SG.F
5 et and CONJ
6 capilli hairs NOM.PL.M
7 nigri black NOM.PL.M ADJ.POS
8 fuerint have been 3PL.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
9 noverit he shall know 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
10 hominem man ACC.SG.M
11 sanatum healed ACC.SG.M PTCP.PERF.PASS
12 esse to be PRES.ACT.INF
13 et and CONJ
14 confidenter confidently ADV
15 eum him ACC.SG.M PERS.PRON
16 pronunciet he shall pronounce 3SG.PRES.SUBJ.ACT
17 mundum clean ACC.SG.M ADJ.POS

Syntax

Conditional Opening: Porro si introduces a contrasting legal outcome.
Stability Test: steterit macula uses the perfect subjunctive to indicate no spread.
Hair Criterion: capilli nigri fuerint confirms normal coloration.
Knowledge Clause: noverit hominem sanatum esse expresses formal recognition of healing.
Authoritative Verdict: confidenter eum pronunciet mundum issues the priestly declaration.

Morphology

  1. Porro — Lemma: porro; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: transitional marker; Translation: but moreover; Notes: Introduces an alternative ruling.
  2. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: conditional; Function: introduces condition; Translation: if; Notes: Opens diagnostic criteria.
  3. steterit — Lemma: sto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of condition; Translation: has remained; Notes: Indicates lack of progression.
  4. macula — Lemma: macula; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: spot; Notes: Area under evaluation.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates conditions; Translation: and; Notes: Joins diagnostic signs.
  6. capilli — Lemma: capillus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: hairs; Notes: Visual indicator.
  7. nigri — Lemma: niger; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine positive; Function: modifies capilli; Translation: black; Notes: Sign of recovery.
  8. fuerint — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural perfect subjunctive active; Function: auxiliary; Translation: have been; Notes: Completes the condition.
  9. noverit — Lemma: nosco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of recognition; Translation: he shall know; Notes: Expresses authoritative certainty.
  10. hominem — Lemma: homo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of indirect statement; Translation: man; Notes: Person examined.
  11. sanatum — Lemma: sano; Part of Speech: participle; Form: accusative singular masculine perfect passive; Function: predicate participle; Translation: healed; Notes: Declares recovery.
  12. esse — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: infinitive of indirect statement; Translation: to be; Notes: Completes the construction.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links verdict actions; Translation: and; Notes: Continues the ruling.
  14. confidenter — Lemma: confidenter; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: modifies pronunciet; Translation: confidently; Notes: Emphasizes certainty.
  15. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: him; Notes: Refers to the healed person.
  16. pronunciet — Lemma: pronuntio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present subjunctive active; Function: jussive command; Translation: he shall pronounce; Notes: Formal declaration.
  17. mundum — Lemma: mundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine positive; Function: object complement; Translation: clean; Notes: Final legal status.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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