Leviticus 15:27

Posted on April 15, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 15:27 quicumque tetigerit ea, lavabit vestimenta sua: et ipse lotus aqua, immundus erit usque ad vesperam.

whoever shall have touched them, shall wash his garments; and he himself having been washed with water, shall be unclean until evening.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 quicumque whoever NOM.SG.M INDEF.REL
2 tetigerit shall have touched 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
3 ea them ACC.PL.N PERS.PRON
4 lavabit shall wash 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
5 vestimenta garments ACC.PL.N
6 sua his own ACC.PL.N POSS.PRON
7 et and CONJ
8 ipse he himself NOM.SG.M INTENS.PRON
9 lotus having been washed NOM.SG.M PERF.PASS.PTCP
10 aqua with water ABL.SG.F
11 immundus unclean NOM.SG.M ADJ
12 erit shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
13 usque until PREP
14 ad to PREP+ACC
15 vesperam evening ACC.SG.F

Syntax

Indefinite Relative Subject: quicumque tetigerit ea sets a universal condition of contact.
Main Obligation: lavabit vestimenta sua prescribes the cleansing act.
Emphatic Addition: et ipse lotus aqua underscores personal washing.
Resulting State: immundus erit usque ad vesperam fixes the duration of impurity.

Morphology

  1. quicumque — Lemma: quicumque; Part of Speech: indefinite relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: whoever; Notes: Expresses unrestricted applicability.
  2. tetigerit — Lemma: tango; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect indicative active; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: shall have touched; Notes: Completed contact triggers the rule.
  3. ea — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: them; Notes: Refers to the previously mentioned objects rendered impure.
  4. lavabit — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: shall wash; Notes: Required act of cleansing.
  5. vestimenta — Lemma: vestimentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: garments; Notes: Clothing as bearer of impurity.
  6. sua — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: modifies vestimenta; Translation: his own; Notes: Reflexive possession.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins actions and consequences.
  8. ipse — Lemma: ipse; Part of Speech: intensive pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: emphatic subject; Translation: he himself; Notes: Stresses personal involvement.
  9. lotus — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect passive; Function: circumstantial participle; Translation: having been washed; Notes: Washing precedes the remaining period of impurity.
  10. aqua — Lemma: aqua; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with water; Notes: Medium of ritual washing.
  11. immundus — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: unclean; Notes: Ritual status incurred.
  12. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: shall be; Notes: States the legal outcome.
  13. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: invariable; Function: temporal limit; Translation: until; Notes: Marks the endpoint.
  14. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: temporal direction; Translation: to; Notes: Used with time expressions.
  15. vesperam — Lemma: vespera; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of ad; Translation: evening; Notes: Standard daily terminus.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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